Osmosis and Diffusion Essay

The essential standards of Osmosis and Diffusion were tried and inspected in this lab. We inspected the percent expansion of mass and molarity of various convergences of sucrose in the dialysis pack rose in refined water and the potato centers rose in groupings of sucrose. The information strengthens the standards of Osmosis and Diffusion, and in a natural setting, we can reproduce how water and particles move all through our own cells. Presentation Objective: 1. Research the procedure of assimilation and dissemination in a model of a layer framework. 2. Research the impact of solute fixation on water potential as it identifies with living plant tissue. Foundation Information: Particles are in consistent movement; they will in general move from zones of high focus, to regions of low fixation. This expansive rule is isolated into two classifications: dispersion and assimilation. Dissemination is the irregular development of atoms from a territory of higher fixation to a zone of lower focus. This is viewed as a uninvolved type of transportation since it doesn't require any extra vitality to move the atoms. In the body, carbon dioxide and oxygen can diffuse across cell films. Assimilation is a unique sort of dissemination where water travels through a specifically porous layer from an area of higher water potential to a locale of lower water potential. In our body, water diffuses across cell layers as a natural side effect. Water potential is the proportion of free vitality of water in an answer and is appeared with the utilization of the image ÃŽ ¨. Water potential is influenced by two variables: osmotic potential (ÃŽ ¨Ã¯â‚¬) and weight potential (ÃŽ ¨p). Osmotic potential is subject to the solute focus, and weight potential which is the vitality that structures from effort of weight either positive or negative on an answer. The condition to discover the aggregate of water potential is: Water Potential = Pressure Potential + Osmotic Potential ÃŽ ¨w = ÃŽ ¨p + ÃŽ ¨Ã¯â‚¬ The motivation behind this lab is to watch the physical impacts of assimilation and dispersion and to decide whether it really happens. We conjecture that, since atoms diffuse down a focus inclination, the mass of the dialysis cylinders will increment, and we accept that as the molarity builds, the percent of progress in mass will likewise increment. Theory: Dispersion and assimilation will happen until dynamic balance is reached. As the sucrose convergence of the arrangement increments so will the mass. Materials Exercise 1: 1. 6 segments of dialysis tubing 2. Refined water 15-20ml 3. 0.4 M sucrose 15-20ml 4. 0.8 M sucrose 15-20ml 5. 0.2 M sucrose 15-20ml 6. 0.6 M sucrose 15-20ml 7. 1.0 M sucrose 15-20ml 8. 6 Beakers Exercise 2: 1. 100ml of refined water 2. 100ml of 0.4 M sucrose 3. 100ml of 0.8 M sucrose 4. 100ml of 0.2 M sucrose 5. 100ml of 0.6 M sucrose 6. 100ml of 1.0 M sucrose 7. 6 Beakers 8. Potato cuts (4 for every arrangement) 9. Scale 10. Saran wrap 11. Thermometer Techniques Exercise 1: 1. Acquire 6 pieces of dialysis tubing and tie a bunch in one finish of each. 2. Pour roughly 15-20ml of every one of the accompanying arrangements into isolated sacks. 3. Expel the majority of the air from the pack and tie the baggie. 4. Wash the baggie cautiously in refined water to expel any sucrose that may have spilled and cautiously blotch. 5. Record the mass of each baggie and record. 6. Fill six 250ml measuring glasses 2/3 full with refined water and spot a pack in every one of them. Ensure that you record which baggie is which. 7. Let the pack sit for 20-30 minutes. 8. Following 20-30 minutes, expel baggies from the water, and cautiously blotch dry. 9. Measure the mass of each baggie and record. Exercise 2: 1. Pour 100ml of your doled out arrangement into a container. Cut a potato into 4 equivalent lengths about the state of French fries or cylinders. 2. Decide the mass of the 4 potato chambers together and record. 3. Spot the chambers into the measuring utencil with your doled out arrangements and spread with saran wrap. Leave for the time being. 4. Expel the chambers from the recepticles and cautiously dry them. Record the room temperature in Celsius. 5. Decide the mass of the 4 potato chambers together and record. From these outcomes, it tends to be reasoned that the theory is legitimized and right. The information shows that the mass expanded as the centralization of the sucrose arrangement expanded. Assimilation is obviously being duplicated in the physical structure. Examination Change in mass relies upon the grouping of sucrose inside the dialysis sacks. On the off chance that the centralization of sucrose is more noteworthy inside the sack than outside, at that point water will move into the pack. On the off chance that the centralization of sucrose is lower inside the sack than outside, at that point water will move out of the pack. These two things are straightforwardly corresponding. As the mass increments, so does the molarity. These are conversely corresponding in light of the fact that at whatever point the sucrose molarity inside the sack is increasingly focused, it will turn out to be progressively weaken and tight clamp versa. The arrangements will arrive at balance somewhere close to the two fixations. The speculation is acknowledged dependent on the information that was gotten on the grounds that as the sucrose focus expanded so did the last mass of the arrangements. One potential wellspring of mistake could be the snugness of the string that tied off the dialysis tubing. In the event that there was a hole or a break in the dialysis tubing, the entirety of the information would be off. Another conceivable wellspring of mistake could be that the understudies didn't pat dry the potato test all around ok making drops be left on the electronic equalization, tarring it erroneously, making every other datum be off marginally. Straightforward numerical blunders consistently happen, so there is consistently space for basic mathematical mix-ups in this segment of the lab. End The reason for this lab was to portray the physical instrument of assimilation and dissemination and depict how molar fixation influences dispersion. We haveâ now saw how arrangements diffuse in various circumstances, consistently from a high fixation to a low focus, and how molar fixation influence dispersion, as the molarity goes up, more arrangement is diffused. We estimated that since atoms diffuse down a focus inclination, the mass of the dialysis cylinders will increment, and furthermore that as the molarity builds, the percent of progress in mass will likewise increment. Our information supported our decision. Exercise 1 demonstrated that water moves over the specifically penetrable film of the dialysis tubing a lot simpler than sucrose sugar does. The water moved to arrive at harmony between the arrangements. Sucrose must be too huge an atom to go through the layer rapidly. Exercise 2 demonstrated that the potato tests took in water when submerged in a refined water arrangement. Potatoes must contain sucrose particles because of the finish of this lab on the grounds that the potatoes take in water in the refined water measuring utencil. Potatoes had a lower water potential and higher solute potential than the refined water. It is the polar opposite inside the recepticle. Works Cited â€Å"PHSchool †The Biology Place.† Prentice Hall Bridge Page. Pearson Education, June 2007. Web. 12 Sept.2011. Moulton, Glen E. â€Å"Cell Theory, Form, and Function: Fluid Mosaic Model of Membrane Structure and Function †Infoplease.com.† Infoplease: Encyclopedia, Almanac, Atlas, Biographies, Dictionary, Thesaurus. Free Online Reference, Research and Homework Help. †Infoplease.com. Web. 14 Sept. 2011. < http://www.infoplease.com/cig/science/liquid mosaic Bowen, R. (2000, July 2). Assimilation. Recovered February 14, 2009, from http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/cmb/cells/pmemb/osmosis.html Sheppard, T. (2004). Dispersion and Osmosis. Recovered February 14, 2009, from http://www.blobs.org/science/article.php?article=20 Campbell, N. An., and Reece, J. B. (2005). Science (seventh ed.). New York: Pearson Education Inc.

Barrack Obama Genogram

Sleeping enclosure Obama Genogram Promoting We will compose a custom report test on Barrack Obama Genogram explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Genogram Report Introduction The above pictorial shows the genogram of the Barack Obama family. It unmistakably delineates three ages from grandparents to off springs. This report gives an itemized record of each of Obama’s connection. Third Generation At the upper left of the genogram are President Obama’s maternal grandparents, Stanley Armor Dunham and Madelyn Lee Payne. They were both conceived in Kansas and got hitched on May 5, 1940. Stanley was conceived on March 23, 1918 and passed on February 8, 1992 in Honolulu, Hawaii (Collins, Jordan and Coleman 180). His remaining parts are covered in Punchbowl national Cemetry situated in Honolulu, Hawaii. Payne, then again, was conceived in the year 1922 in Wichita, Kansas and she kicked the bucket 86 years after the fact on November 3, 2008 in Honolulu, Hawaii (Powell 24). The family was honored with a girl, Stanley Ann Dunham who became President Obama’s mother. Second Generation On the correct side at the highest point of the genogram are Barack’s fatherly grandparents, Onyango Obama and Akuma both of whom were of Kenyan starting point (Collins et al. 181). Onyango was polygamous and had two different spouses, Habba and Sarah who was his third. Onyango is assessed to have been conceived in 1895 and passed on in 1979. From his initial life, he was a voyager and had been to most pieces of the nation. He later settled in Nairobi to fill in as cook for the evangelists who had made advances into the nation. Onyango was then selected to battle in the interest of England, Kenya’s frontier ace during the notorious World War I. He visited nations in Europe just as India (Collins et al. 179).Advertising Looking for report on history? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Upon coming back from the war, he liv ed in Zanzibar for at some point. Relatives accept that it was during his stay there that he changed over to Islam from his previous Christian confidence affected by the evangelists. Onyango Obama and his second spouse Akuma had kids one of whom was Barack Hussein Obama, Sr. In any case, Akuma left the family while the youngsters was still excessively youthful. It was as of now that Sarah assumed control over the duty of dealing with the kids. She is alluded frequently by Barack Obama as his â€Å"grandmother.† Sarah was conceived in 1922 and lives in Kogelo, Kenya. Original The following generational level incorporates President Obama’s guardians. Encampment Hussein Obama, Sr. was conceived in 1938 of every a town called Nyangoma-Kogelo which is found in Kenya’s Siaya District (Powell 27). In 1982, he was executed in a fender bender in the city of Nairobi. Obama was made due by a few spouses, Kuzia, Ann Dunham, Ruh, and Jael. With the other three spouses, Obama Sr. had seven kids. One of the half kin passed on in 1981 and is covered in Nyangoma-Kogelo town, Siaya District (Collins et al. 181). The remainder of the kids live in Kenya, the United Kingdom or the United States. Dormitory Obama Jr.’s guardians initially met while at the University of Hawaii as understudies (Collins et al. 181). Ann Dunham’s guardians had moved there from Kansas City. Ann was conceived on November 27, 1942 in Wichita, Kansas. Then again, Barack Sr. was in Hawaii as understudy under the global trade program. Afterward, Ann turned into an anthropologist in Hawaii and furthermore worked in Indonesia. Military enclosure Sr. turned into an Economist with the Kenyan Government. The two were combined in marriage in 1960 in Hawaii and bore Barack Hussein Obama, Jr. The marriage didn't keep going long and finished following two years. Ann was hitched for the second time to Lolo Soetoro who was of Indonesian cause in 1964 (Powell 31). In 1966, Lolo returned to Indonesia after his understudy visa was repudiated because of political precariousness in his nation. Ann and Barack left for Jakarta in Indonesia per year later after she had graduated. The marriage created a relative for Barrack Jr. She is known as Maya and wedded to Komal. Be that as it may, the subsequent marriage crumbled following 14 years. Garisson huts Jr.’s mother kicked the bucket on November 7, 1995 in the wake of experiencing ovarian malignant growth (Collins et al. 181).Advertising We will compose a custom report test on Barrack Obama Genogram explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The original of the genogram delineates the close group of President Barack Hussein Obama. He was conceived on August 4, 1961 in Honolulu, Hawaii at the Kapiolani maternity Gynecological Hospital. His folks are Barack Hussein Obama, Sr. also, Stanley Dunham. The guardians separated from when Barack Jr. was only two years old after which the Barack Obama Sr. moved to Massachusetts for additional investigations. He later returned to Kenya to take up a vocation in the administration (Collins et al. 181). Sleeping enclosure Jr. stayed quickly in Indonesia before he sent back to the US to remain with Madelyn Payne, his maternal grandma in Hawaii. He went on with his investigations and later moved on from Columbia University and Harvard Law School (Powell 36). It was while in graduate school that President Obama met Michelle Robinson, his significant other. They have two girls, Malia (13) and Sasha (10). In 2008, Barrack Hussein Obama rose to the administration of the United States to turn into the primary ever African American President. He will look for a second term in office during the following presidential decisions. Collins, Donald, Jordan, Catheleen and Coleman, Heather. A prologue to familyâ social work. Cengage Learning, Inc., 2009, 178-181 Powell, Kimberly. Following the family line of Barack Hussein Obama. John Wiley and Sons, 2010, 24- 37

Blown Back to Oz

Blown Back to Oz On Sunday morning the Design/Build/Fly team rolled out of bed at 6:30 AM, roughed up and ready to fly on the last day of the competition. We had one more mission to fly and we wanted to re-fly a mission as well in order to score a little higher. We were on the clockthe weather forecasted heavy rain and a thunderstorm starting around noon, in which case the competition would go on hold and awards would be given based on the current scores. The last mission was the emergency medical mission: the assignment was to carry a two-pound payload (distributed between four blocks arranged to simulate medical attendants standing next to patients on gurneys) for three laps around the course in as short a time as possible. We knew that our Corn Dog was the fastest plane at the competitionhowever, the heavy winds of Saturday showed no signs of dying down, and Corn Dog was a little worse for wear after yesterdays heavy flying. The time to beat was 1 minute and 55 seconds. Corn Dogs turn came while the sun was still out, and we quickly moved outside, packed the cargo into the payload bay, and got ready to fly.   Loading up. Corn Dog took off smoothly into the wind, turned around, and completed two and a half laps with no problems at all. As it came around the final turn to approach the finish line, a collective gasp went up from the crowd (along with fearful yelps and held breaths from we the team members) as Corn Dog yelped a loud SNAP and began making the very unhealthy-sounding buzzing sound of an electric razor. Corn Dog dipped out of the airthen fluttered back up againthen dipped again and charged forward through the finish line with a final time of 1 minute and 49 seconds. Success! But Corn Dog was still in the air, still buzzing loudly, and stumbling around looking like it had broken a leg. As we held our breaths and crossed our fingers, Adam (our pilot) turned Corn Dog around and landed it intact on the pavement.   Coming in literally on a wing and a prayer. Cue sighs of relief and thunderous applause. Adam (who we are forever and ever indebted to for his amazing flying, and who has also guest-blogged for MITAdmissions), told us that hed lost control of one of the ailerons (so Corn Dog was indeed a crippled dog for the last 100 feet or so of the flight). Examining the plane revealed that that aileron had undergone flutter, where it essentially resonates with the air going over it and vibrates wildly out of control. For Corn Dog, this meant that a lot of Bad Forces were exerted on the wingand our beautiful composite wing layup buckled pretty badly. See those wrinkles? Those are caused by the Bad Forces put on the wing by the aileron flutter. As the more experienced members of the team set about the very delicate task of repairing and reinforcing our wing in anticipation of reflying our last mission and shaving a few more seconds off our time, the rest of us found lunch at Chipotle and then camped the scoreboard for updates. Eventually it refreshed, and there we werewith our punishing weight of 4.66 pounds balanced out by our excellent mission score (in fact, the highest mission score), we sat at a solid fifth place, ten points ahead of Penn State. Performing surgery on Corn Dog. We attempted a reflight later that afternoon, but our wing couldnt take itas soon as we finished one lap, that uncomfortable buzzing sound returned and Adam quickly turned Corn Dog around and landed it before it exploded in flight. This time it was the other aileron that failed. We called it a wrap and spent the rest of the afternoon huddling in the wind and watching the other teams fly (and in many cases, crash) their planes between spats of rain and thunder. Were very happy with our fifth-place finish, but we also took home a few lessons from the competition. Predominant is the fact that, though Corn Dog was designed well and constructed beautifully, it was way too heavyand therefore lost out to lighter planes that didnt perform as well on the missions. Corn Dog was a very structurally solid plane (hence why its still in one piece), but that meant that Corn Dog was conservative. Planes that pushed the envelope a little more, using less power and less structure and flying a little less stably, gained more from the decreased weight than they lost in performance. The University of Southern California, for instance, had a mission score only 80 percent of oursbut since their plane was less than half the weight of Corn Dog, and mission score is divided by weight, USC finished with in first place with a whopping 407.24 while we settled in fifth with a meager 210.87. And so we packed up Corn Dog and came home to MIT. Were going to be bringing our A-game next year, thoughso be prepared. Corn Dog, Jr. is on its way. For now, if youre ever in building 33, stop by the hangar and pay a visit to Corn Dog, one of the sexiest RC planes to ever fly the Kansas winds. Signing off, Allan

Dante And The Nature Of Sin - 967 Words

Dante and the Nature of Sin Often, we cannot see the good until we have experienced the bad. Dante Alighieri, a poet who makes himself the main character in his Divine Comedy, finds himself lost in a dark wood at the start of The Inferno. Though he sees a safe path out of the wood towards an alluring light, he is forced to take an alternate route through an even darker place. As the ending of the pilgrim Dante’s voyage is bright and hopeful, Alighieri the poet aims to encourage even the most sinful Christians to hope for a successful end. Thus, Dante the pilgrim goes to hell in The Inferno to better understand the nature of sin and its consequences in order to move closer to salvation; his journey an allegory representing that of the repenting Christian soul. Before Virgil arrives to guide Dante on his journey, Dante shares that he doesn’t recall how he lost his way. He tells â€Å"How I entered [the dark wood] I cannot truly say, I had become so sleepy at the moment when I first strayed, leaving the path of truth† (Inferno I.10-12). Because he strayed from the holy path, Dante finds himself lost and trying to find his way back on the right track. Dante’s ultimate goal is to to free himself from the dark wood of confusion and chaos. Looking up from the wood, Dante sees â€Å"the hilltop shawled in morning rays of light sent from the planet that leads men straight ahead on every road† (Inferno I.16-18). Dante begins to move towards the light, but is blocked from passing by threeShow MoreRelatedThe Power Of Everyman s Journey Through Hell1249 Words   |  5 PagesHell In religious contexts, sin is the act of violating God s will. Sin can also be viewed as â€Å"anything that violates the ideal relationship between an individual and God, leading to a period of estrangement between the two†. This is not necessarily a permanent separation, but if one dies without correcting such problem, then the separation does become permanent. In order to atone for one’s transgressions, salvation –deliverance by redemption from the power of sin and from the penalties ensuingRead MoreDante’s Vision of Divine Justice Justice is one of the major building block that society is built900 Words   |  4 Pagesbased on Dante’s personal views of the severity of the sin and the sinner. This paper will examine this issue by looking into the life of Dante and the potential reasons for his rankings of the sin pertaining to specific circles of hell. To understand Dante’s version of God’s judgment, one must understand the life events that lead to the writing of the Inferno. Dante was born in 1265 in Florence, Italy (Louis, and Cachey). 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It would be a very difficult task to compile a brief list of significant symbols from the Cantos that we read in class. Dante utilized many symbols throughout each canto. Some of the symbols that Dante used in Inferno are well defined and easy to interpret, while otherRead MoreAnalysis Of Dante s The Of Hell 1573 Words   |  7 PagesDante’s description of Hell is a wonderful work of literature. Dante uses numerous literary techniques to describe his envisionment of Hell to the reader. In my opinion, one of the most affective techniques used by Dante is symbolism. It would be a very difficult task to compile a brief list of significant symbols from the Cantos that we read in class. Dante utilized many symbols throughout each canto. Some of the symbols that Dant e used in Inferno are well defined and easy to interpret, while otherRead More Evil and Sin Essay1624 Words   |  7 Pagesof the paradox of sin. How can a world created by a supremely good God contain evil? 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The allegorizations represent a duality in mankind’s freedom of choice; the choice to live a pure life or to commit sin. According to Dante a soul has the ability to intellectually reason. This a bility meansRead MoreDante s The Divine Comedy866 Words   |  4 Pagespeople facing atonement for their respective sins during their life. As Dante gets deeper into Hell the sins that are being atoned for get progressively worse (as does their punishment). With that in mind, one can look at the Inferno as a handbook on what not to do during a lifetime in order to avoid Hell. In doing so, Dante creates a moral lifestyle that must be followed in order to have both a successful life, and after life. The moral system Dante creates is comparable to that of which Aristotle

My Personality Type - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 589 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/09/21 Category Advertising Essay Type Argumentative essay Tags: Information Essay Personality Essay Did you like this example? My Personality Type What’s the real personality of mine? I never used to know. So these two days, I did some research about it. Finally, I found a authoritative personality assessment systemMBTI. Then, I knew I’m the INTP type, after taking the assessment. Let me introduce the MBTI assessment first. The MBTI assessment was developed from the work of prominent psychiatrist Carl G. Jung in his book Psychological Types. Jung proposed a psychological typology based on  the theories of cognitive functions that he developed through his clinical observations. The MBTI preferences indicate the differences in people based on the following: * How they focus their attention or get their energy (extraversion or introversion) * How they perceive or take in information (sensing or intuition) * How they prefer to make decisions (thinking or feeling) How they orient themselves to the external world (judgment or perception) INTP (Introversion, iNtuition, Thinking, Perceptio n) is an abbreviation used in the publications of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) to refer to one of sixteen personality types. By using their preference in each of these areas, people develop what Jung and Myers called psychological type. This underlying personality pattern results from the dynamic interaction of their four preferences, in conjunction with environmental influences and their own individual tendencies. People are likely to develop behaviors, skills, and attitudes based on their particular type. Each personality type has its own potential strengths as well as areas that offer opportunities for growth. What’s the personality of the INTPs like? * I – Introversion preferred to extraversion: INTPs tend to be quiet and reserved. They generally prefer interacting with a few close friends rather than a wide circle of acquaintances, and they expend energy in social situations (whereas extraverts gain energy). * N – iNtuition preferred to sens ing: INTPs tend to be more abstract than concrete. They focus their attention on the big picture rather than the details, and on future possibilities rather than immediate realities. T – Thinking preferred to feeling: INTPs tend to value objective criteria above personal preference. When making decisions, they generally give more weight to logic than to social considerations. * P – Perception preferred to judgment: INTPs tend to withhold judgment and delay important decisions, preferring to keep their options open should circumstances change. Okay. After knowing all these, let me describe my personality assisted by the MBTI. I’m Intensely intellectual and logical. Also a conceptual problem solver and often show flashes of creative brilliance. Outwardly quiet, reserved, and detached, I’m inwardly absorbed in analyzing problems. I’m also critical, precise, and skeptical and are driven to find and use logical principles to understand their many ide as. I like conversation to be high level and purposeful and may argue to the point of hairsplitting just for fun. I’m convinced almost exclusively by logical reasoning. I set high standards – for themselves and for others. And I think in extremely complex ways and are generally better at organizing new concepts and ideas than at organizing other people. Highly independent, I’m tend to be more interested in finding creative solutions to problems than implementing them on the ground level. INTPs are one of the rarest types, accounting for about 1–5% of the population. According to Keirsey, based on behavioral characteristics, notable INTP Architects might include Albert Einstein, Charles Darwin and Thomas Jefferson. INTPs are one of the rarest types, accounting for about 1–5% of the population. I’m so happy to know that I’m one of the. The peculiarities of my personality will always be my treasure in my life. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "My Personality Type" essay for you Create order

Study Guide Bnc1 Free Essays

Chapter 13, Power and Politics – Learning Objectives 1. Define power and contrast leadership and power. 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Study Guide Bnc1 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Contrast the five bases of power. 3. Explain the role of dependence in power relationships. 4. Identify nine power or influence tactics and their contingencies. 5. Show the connection between sexual harassment and the abuse of power. 6. Identify the causes and consequences of political behavior. 7. Apply impression management techniques. 8. Determine whether a political action is ethical. Chapter 13, Power and Politics – Section Outlines I. Power is the capacity that A has to influence the behavior of B, so that B acts in accordance with A’s wishes. A. Definition of power the ability to influence the behavior of others. 1. Potential 2. Dependency – B ’s relationship to A when A possesses something that B requires. B. Contrasting leadership and power. 1. Leaders use power as a means of attaining group goals. 2. Power does not require goal compatibility, but relies on dependency. 3. While leadership focuses on the downward influence of one’s followers, power also deals with lateral and upward influence. II. Bases of power A. Formal power = based on an individual’s position in an organization. 1. Coercive power: A power base that is dependent on fear of the negative results from failing to comply such as controlling by force of basic physiological or safety needs. 2. Reward power: Compliance achieved based on the ability to distribute rewards that others view as valuable. 3. Legitimate (formal authority) power: The power a person receives as a result of his or her position in the formal hierarchy of an organization. B. Personal power = Influence derived from an individual’s characteristics. 1. Expert power: Influence based on special skills or knowledge. 2. Referent power: Influence based on identification with a person who has desirable resources or personal traits. C. Dependency: The Key to Power 1. General dependency postulate: The greater B ’s dependence on A, the more power A has over B. 2. Factors creating dependency a. Importance – think of technology engineers of Gettyimages b. Scarcity – think of Ferruccio Lamborghini; he memorized the manual and destroyed it. c. Nonsubstitutability – the fewer viable substitutes for a resource, the more power control over that resource provides. III. Power Tactics: Ways in which individuals translate power bases into specific actions. Rational persuasion, inspirational appeals, and consultation tend to be the most effective, especially when the audience is highly interested in the outcomes of a decision process. A. Legitimacy: Relying on your authority position or saying a request accords with organizational policies or rules. B. Rational persuasion: Presenting logical arguments and factual evidence to demonstrate a request is reasonable. C. Inspirational appeals: Developing emotional commitment by appealing to a target’s values, needs, hopes, and aspirations. D. Consultation: Increasing the target’s support by involving him or her in deciding how you will accomplish your plan. E. Exchange: Rewarding the target with benefits or favors in exchange for following a request. F. Personal appeals: Asking for compliance based on friendship or loyalty. G. Ingratiation: Using flattery, praise, or friendly behavior prior to making a request. H. Pressure: Using warnings, repeated demands, and threats. I. Coalitions: Enlisting the aid or support of others to persuade the target to agree. J. Political Skill: The ability to influence others in such a way as to enhance one’s objective. IV. Sexual Harassment: Unequal Power in the Workplace A. Any unwanted activity of a sexual nature that affects an individual’s employment and creates a hostile work environment. B. Sexual harassment negatively affects job attitudes and leads those who feel harassed to withdraw from the organization. C. Some ways managers can protect themselves and their employees from sexual harassment: 1. Make sure an active policy defines what constitutes sexual harassment, informs employees they can be fired for sexually harassing another employee, and establishes procedures for making complaints. 2. Reassure employees they will not encounter retaliation if they file a complaint. 3. Investigate every complaint, and inform the legal and human resource departments. 4. Make sure offenders are disciplined or terminated. 5. Set up in-house seminars to raise employee awareness of sexual harassment issues. V. Politics: Power in Action A. Definition of Organizational Politics 1. Political behavior, in organization, consists of activities that are not required as part of an individual’s formal role but that influence, or attempt to influence, the distribution of advantages and disadvantages within the organization. . Legitimate political power b. Illegitimate political power VI. Causes and Consequences of Political Behavior A. Factors contributing to political behavior 1. Individual factors 2. Organizational factors B. How do people respond to organizational politics? 1. Decreased job satisfaction 2. Increased anxiety and stress 3. Increased turnover 4. Reduced performance VII. Imp ression management VIII. The Ethics of Behaving Politically Chapter 13, Power and Politics – Key Terms †¢Power- A capacity that A has to influence the behavior of B so that B acts in accordance with A’s wishes. Dependence – B ’s relationship to A when A possesses something that B requires. †¢Coercive Power – A power base that is dependent on fear of the negative results from failing to comply. †¢Reward power – Compliance achieved based on the ability to distribute rewards that others view as valuable. †¢Legitimate power – The power a person receives as a result of his or her position in the formal hierarchy of an organization. †¢Personal power – Influence derived from an individual’s characteristics. †¢Expert power – Influence based on special skills or knowledge. †¢Referent power – Influence based on identification with a person who has desirable esources or personal trai ts. †¢Power tactics – Ways in which individuals translate power bases into specifics actions. †¢Political skill – The ability to influence others in such a way as to enhance one’s objectives. †¢Sexual Harassment – Any unwanted activity of a sexual nature that affects an individual’s employment and creates a hostile work environment. †¢Political behavior – Activities that are not required as part of a person’s formal role in the organization but that influence, or attempt to influence, the distribution of advantages and disadvantages within the organization. Impression Management (IM) – The process by which individuals attempt to control the impression others form of them. †¢Defensive behaviors – Reactive and proactive behaviors to avoid action, blame, or change Chapter 17, Human Resources Policies and Procedures – Learning Objectives 1. Define initial selection, and identify the most usefu l methods. 2. Define substantive selection, and identify the most useful methods. 3. Define contingent selection, and contrast the arguments for and against drug testing. 4. Compare the four main types of training. 5. Contrast formal and informal training methods. 6. Contrast on-the-job and off-the-job training. 7. Describe the purposes of performance evaluation and list the methods by which it can be done. 8. Show how managers can improve performance evaluations. 9. Describe how organizations can manage work-family conflicts. Chapter 17, Human Resources Policies and Procedures – Section Outlines I. Selection Process A. Initial selection are the first information applicants submit and are used for preliminary rough cuts to decide whether the applicant meets the basic qualifications for a job. 1. Application forms including letters of recommendation 2. Background checks B. Substantive selection 1. Written tests 2. Performance-simulations tests a. Work sample tests: Hands-on simulations of part or all of the work that applicants for routine jobs must perform. b. Assessment centers: A set of performance-simulation tests designed to evaluate a candidate’s managerial potential. 3. Interviews have a disproportionate amount of influence on employee selection decisions. a. In addition to evaluating specific, job-related skills, managers are looking at personality characteristics and personal values to find individuals who fit the organization’s culture and image. C. Contingent selection 1. Drug test is a common contingent selection method. . Argument against drug testing: Drug is a private matter. II. Training and Development Programs A. Types of training 1. Basic literacy skills 2. Technical skills has become increasingly important in organizations. 3. Interpersonal skills 4. Problem-solving skills 5. Ethics training B. Training methods 1. Formal training a. Types of f ormal training 1. On-the-job training (i)job rotation (ii)apprenticeship (iii)understudy assignments (iv)formal mentoring programs 2. Off-the-job training (i)classroom lectures (ii)internet courses is most likely to be the fastest growing training. (iii)public seminars (iv)videotapes 3. E-training b. Individualizing formal training to fit the employee’s learning style c. Evaluating effectiveness 2. Informal training III. Performance Appraisal A. Purposes of performance evaluation 1. Helps managers make human resource decisions 2. Assists in identifying training and development needs 3. Provides a criterion against which management validates selection and development programs 4. Provides feedback on employees 5. Basis for reward allocations – determine promotions, B. What do we evaluate? 1. Individual task outcomes 2. Behaviors 3. Traits – least predictive set of criteria used to evaluate employees. C. Who should do the evaluating? 1. Immediate superior 2. Peers 3. Self-evaluation a. Lead to employees rating themselves highly b. Make excellent vehicles for stimulating job performance discussions between employees and their superiors c. Often low in agreement with superiors’ rating d. Tend to be biased estimates 4. Immediate subordinates 5. 360-degree evaluation is to pool feedback from all the employee’s customers or provide performances feedback from the full circle of daily contacts that an employee might have, ranging from mailroom personnel to customers to bosses to peers. D. Methods of performance evaluation 1. Written essays – does not require no complex forms or extensive training to complete. 2. Critical incidents – the evaluation method that focuses the evaluator’s attention on those behaviors that are key to executing a job effectively. 3. Graphic rating scales consider their usability in quantitative analysis 4. Behaviorally anchored rating scales (BARS) – When an appraiser rates employees based on items on a continuum with the points reflecting actual behaviors on a given job 5. Forced comparisons a. Group order ranking requires the evaluator to place employees into a particular classification, such as top one-fifth or second one-fifth. . Individual ranking is an approach to performance evaluation rank-orders employees from best to worst. E. Suggestions for improving performance evaluations 1. Use multiple evaluators 2. Evaluate selectively 3. Train evaluators 4. Provide employees with due process F. Providing performance feedback 1. The human resources de partment is not supportive of the feedback process. IV. Managing Diversity in Organizations A. Work-life conflicts B. Diversity training V. Global Issues A. Selection B. Performance evaluations How to cite Study Guide Bnc1, Essay examples

Populate or Perish

Question: Write about thePopulate or Perish. Answer: With the end of the World War II, the government of Australia took the significant step for implementing the changes related to migration. The near invasion of Australia by the Japanese was the time when Australia required rethinking about their ideal population. Australia has been the country that has been founded on the colonial ideologies by the white supremacy and the cultural homogeneity (Farquharson, K., 2015). These were the main ideologies that shaped and supported the settlers in Australia with the aboriginal population of the country. These ideologies were also responsible in shaping the migration system, migration policy and Immigration Restriction Act of 1901, which was also called as White Australia Policy. Australia perceived itself as the white country and white people and separated themselves from Asians. After the end of the World War II, Australia needed the skilled migrants for the reconstruction and industrialization of Australia. The country also required the human capital for the nations defense. Therefore, the country required to Populate or Perish. The slogan was given for the post war migration. According to the Prime Minister Ben Chifley, Australia was the target of the powerful enemy and the threat of invasion could arise again. Therefore, the Prime Minister believed that Australia should populate as soon as it can before someone else decide to populate it. The near invasion of Japan was the national experience that stressed on rethinking on the racist White Australia Policy (Birrell, Hill, and Nevill, 1984). After dismantling the White Australia Policy, the migration policy of the country shifted to skills rather than race. Austrlian has been positive about the idea of increasing its population by providing entry to the skilled migrants, but mainly preferred the European m igrants, who were the skilled miners, factory workers and construction workers. The European migrants brought customs, languages and better experience that was different from the British migrants (Madden, J.A., 2015). The number of the British migrants decline, while Australian government started recruiting people from different sources. The government of Australia started providing agreement for the assisted tradesman and unskilled laborers. The government also started bringing displaced people from Eastern Europe and Baltic States. These people were brought under the care of the International Refugee Organization. In the year 1949, the large scale immigration had started that included the immigrants from the non-English speaking parts of Europe. Populate and Perish was not just about increasing the population of the country, but it was also to increase the socio-economic status of the country through skilled workers. Government of Australia started accepting migrants from the Western and Southern Europe because of their trade qualification and skills. The skills and knowledge of these migrants helped in developing the industrial projects of Western Australia. Some of the most significant industries were Chamberlain tractors, the Wondowie charcoal, iron and steel industry, the Kwinana oil refinery, steel rolling and cement manufacturing projects and the alumina industry at Pinjarra (Brett, 2007, 13). Australia has been the country that has been racially selective, which was formally abolished by Whitlam government in the year 1973. The white socio-cultural dominance in Australia was a major matter of concern with too many abortions. Aborting women were seen as the threat to the security of the white socio-cultural hegemony (Millar, E., 2015). The migrants, who were brought to Australia and were kept in the refugee camps, those immigrants were placed in Holden Camp at Northam, where they received shelter and food and also assistance from the Commonwealth government. The New Australian received assistance in the form of English language classes and vocational training, so that they could effectively settle in their new homeland (Armillei, R. and Mascitelli, B., 2017). After the WWII and complexities of the modern visa system, The Australian Government continues to focus on the migration policy that helps in selecting the specific migrants, who are young, wealthy and healthy. The migration policy of Australia still supports British hegemony and white dominance; continues the selective mass immigration for strengthening the military and economics of the country and continue to have the control of State (Armillei, R. and Mascitelli, B., 2017). Australia is the country that has faced and continued to practice racism, discrimination and inequality. The government of Australia mainly focused on making a white country, where the people should only be white. The gender inequality also prevailed (de Lepervanche, 2013). The discrimination was also seen in the immigration policies. Australian government restricted the entry of the migrants from India and China and preferred that only white people should enter the country and give birth to white males that would increase the population of this small country (Soldatic, K., 2015). The policy of 1970 for restricting the entry of the non-white people in the country did not worked effectively, as many Asian entered Australia and made it a multicultural country (Armillei, R. and Mascitelli, B., 2017). The law of against the non-Europeans was slowly abolished and non-European were allowed to settle permanently in Australia with some restrictions. The restriction from the Asian immigrants was removed in the year 1966 (Armillei, R. and Mascitelli, B., 2017).. In the year 1973 the White Australia Policy was replaced by the multicultural policy. In the late 20th century, the demographics of the country changed due to the increase in the number of Chinese and other Asian immigrants. After 1970s there was the decline in the number of the European and Italian immigrants, because Europe and Italy changed their financial condition and those people stopped looking outside their country for employment. However the slogan of populate or perish was mainly fulfilled by the European migrants, who became the main drivers of the population growth and also growth of diversity in Australia. Therefore, Australia is considered as the multicultural society, because it accepted the people from various cu ltures to become the permanent settlers in Australia. Racism and discrimination also remained high due to cultural diversity in the nation, but cultural diversity played a significant role in the development and growth of Australian economics. Bibliography Armillei, R. and Mascitelli, B., 2017. From White Australia Policyto MulticulturalAustralia: Italian and Other Migrant Settlement in Australia. InLiving in Two Homes: Integration, Identity and Education of Transnational Migrants in a Globalized World(pp. 113-134). Emerald Publishing Limited. Birrell, R., Hill, D. and Nevill, J., 1984. Populate and perish? The stresses of population growth in Australia. Brett, J., 2007. The country, the city and the state in the Australian settlement.Australian Journal of Political Science,42(1), pp.1-17. de Lepervanche, M., 2013. Racism and sexism in Australian national life.Sydney Studies in Society and Culture,4. Farquharson, K., 2015, July. Australian Racial Ideology: From Cultural Homogeneity to Multiculturalism? In22nd International Conference of Europeanists. Ces. Madden, J.A., 2015.British migrants in post-war South Australia: expectations and lived experiences(Doctoral dissertation). Millar, E., 2015. Too Many Anxious White Nationalism and the Biopolitics of Abortion.Australian Feminist Studies,30(83), pp.82-98. Soldatic, K., 2015. Post-colonial re productions: Disability, indigeneity and the formation of the white masculine settler state of Australia.Social Identities,21(1), pp.53-68.